Themed index

#

• **kwargs: 103, 109

• * (asterisk): 27, 34, 35, 55, 77, 103, 138, 248, 249

• *args: 103, 109

• 3.10 (new in Python 3.10): 109

• 3.11 (new in Python 3.11): 214

• 3.12 (new in Python 3.12): 16, 47, 84, 88, 109, 121

• 3.13 (new in Python 3.13): 136, 193

• 3.14 (new in Python 3.14): 46, 54, 107, 127, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 200

• 3.15 (new in Python 3.15): 245, 247, 248, 249, 252

• := (walrus operator): 148, 233, 238

• @ (at operator): 236

• ~ (tilde): 134

A

• abstract base classes: 149

• abstract syntax trees: 104

• algorithms: 12, 140, 161, 169, 174, 176, 180, 215, 224, 238, 239

• all (built-in): 231, 232

• any (built-in): 231, 232

• API: 47

• ASCII: 33

• assert: 170, 201

• assignment expressions: 148, 233, 238

• ast.parse: 104

• ast (module): 104

• async with: 257

• asynchronous programming: 157, 254, 257

• asyncio.Event: 254

• asyncio.Lock: 257

• asyncio: 157, 254, 257

• atexit.register: 8

• atexit: 8

• automatic cleanup: 8, 92, 171

B

• backslash \: 56, 82, 97

• base64 (module): 202

• bin: 256

• bitwise operators: 134, 201, 256

• boilerplate: 139

• bool: 168

• breakpoint: 196

• built-ins: 224, 231, 232, 235, 240, 241, 255

• bytes: 200, 202

C

• caching: 42, 87, 203

• casing: 2, 89, 113, 172

• chr: 255

• class methods: 106, 114, 138, 160

• classmethod: 106, 138

• CLI: 155, 157

• closures: 93

• collections.abc.Callable: 111

• collections.abc.Generator: 193

• collections.abc.Hashable: 251

• collections.abc.Iterable: 36

• collections.abc: 36, 111, 193, 251

• collections.ChainMap: 23

• collections.Counter: 11, 132

• collections.defaultdict: 37, 105

• collections.deque: 6, 60, 78, 128, 174, 177, 197, 221

• collections (module): 6, 11, 23, 36, 37, 60, 78, 128, 132, 174, 177, 193, 197, 221

• comma (,): 158

• comparison operators: 164

• compression.zstd: 200

• compression (module): 154, 200

• conditional expressions: 70, 227, 253

• context managers: 17, 122

• contextlib.contextmanager: 17

• contextlib.suppress: 122

• contextlib: 17, 122

• conventions: 113, 167

• CSV: 229, 242

• csv.reader: 242

• csv (module): 242

D

• data processing: 83, 155, 200, 204, 205, 210

• data structures: 132, 173, 174, 181

• dataclasses.dataclass: 139, 179, 181, 182, 191, 198, 220, 242, 250

• dataclasses.field: 182, 198, 220, 250

• dataclasses (module): 139, 179, 181, 182, 191, 198, 220, 242, 250

• date and time format specifiers: 65, 91, 160

• dates and times: 21, 65, 91, 160, 166

• datetime.date.strftime: 166

• datetime.date.strptime: 160, 166

• datetime.date.today: 21

• datetime.date: 160

• datetime.datetime.now: 21, 91

• datetime (module): 21, 65, 91, 123, 160, 166

• debugging: 19, 44, 73, 102, 163, 170, 196, 214, 233, 235

• decimal (module): 143

• decorators: 42, 87, 90, 93, 109, 121, 123, 129, 137, 138, 139, 179, 183, 203, 242, 250

• defensive programming: 115, 182, 198, 205

• delattr: 25

• dict.fromkeys: 7, 114

• dict.keys: 22, 190

• dict: 117

• dictionaries: 18, 22, 23, 37, 72, 77, 83, 105, 114, 117, 190, 194

• difflib.get_close_matches: 152

• difflib: 152

• dir: 235

• docstrings: 95

• dunder attributes: 95, 99

• dunder methods: 96, 98, 102, 105, 108, 139, 145, 236, 237, 246

• dynamic code: 25, 94, 95, 108

E

• encodings: 202

• enum.auto: 39

• enum.Flag: 28, 134

• enum.global_enum: 38

• enum.StrEnum: 31

• enum (module): 28, 31, 38, 39, 106, 134

• enumerate: 80

• exception handling: 122, 159

• exceptions: 149, 170, 252

F

• f-strings: 19, 44, 48, 62, 65, 147, 158

• falsy/truthy: 68, 100

• file I/O: 43, 60, 61, 66, 86, 92, 171, 188, 229, 240

• file.writelines: 66

• filesystem: 64, 71, 80, 91, 92, 133, 151, 171, 204, 212, 229

• filter: 100, 228

• floats: 142, 143, 230

• forward slash /: 125

• fractions (module): 44, 142

• frozendict: 245

• frozenset: 87

• functional programming: 93, 127, 162

• functions: 27, 84, 111, 125

• functools.cache: 87

• functools.cached_property: 203

• functools.lru_cache: 42

• functools.partial: 41, 43, 127, 239

• functools.Placeholder: 127, 239

• functools.wraps: 90

• functools: 41, 42, 43, 87, 90, 127, 203, 239

• future import: 153

G

• generator expressions: 5, 6, 45, 197, 209, 233, 234

• generators: 17, 30, 67, 73, 116, 121, 128, 176, 177, 192, 221

• generics: 16, 84, 88, 193

• getattr: 25

• global names: 38

• globals: 108

• guards: 77

H

• hash: 96, 246

• hashing: 96, 191, 246, 251

• heapq: 161, 181

• help: 95

• higher-order functions: 111

I

• I/O: 44, 101, 102, 241

• idioms: 117, 120, 122

• immutability: 18, 58, 179, 191, 245

• inheritance: 26, 58, 99, 149, 173

• int: 4

• integers: 15, 62, 126

• introspection: 39

• isinstance: 3

• iter: 43, 174, 188

• iterables: 5, 6, 12, 24, 35, 36, 43, 60, 74, 76, 78, 112, 114, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 124, 128, 176, 177, 184, 189, 195, 197, 208, 209, 215, 221, 226, 229

• iterator protocol: 78, 209

• itertools.accumulate: 140, 184

• itertools.batched: 47, 121, 136

• itertools.chain.from_iterable: 66

• itertools.chain: 11, 74, 85

• itertools.combinations: 189

• itertools.count: 195

• itertools.cycle: 146

• itertools.groupby: 12, 120, 131

• itertools.islice: 73, 120, 128, 174, 177, 221

• itertools.pairwise: 177, 208, 215, 221

• itertools.permutations: 176

• itertools.product: 112, 189

• itertools.starmap: 46, 124, 242

• itertools.tee: 209, 215, 221

• `itertools.zip_longest: 124

• itertools: 9, 11, 12, 46, 47, 53, 66, 73, 74, 85, 112, 120, 121, 124, 125, 128, 131, 136, 140, 146, 174, 176, 177, 184, 189, 195, 208, 209, 215, 221, 242

J

• JSON: 155, 204, 210, 217, 218

• json.dump: 204, 210, 218

• json.dumps: 210, 218

• json.load: 204

• json (module): 155, 204, 210, 217, 218

K

• key (keyword argument): 24, 32, 41, 89, 131

• keyword arguments: 27

• keywords: 93

• kwargs: 77

L

• lambda function: 184

• lazy imports: 247

• len: 24, 41

• list comprehensions: 187, 234, 253

• list: 173

• lists: 85, 119

M

• map: 9, 45, 46, 107, 124, 232

• match statement: 14, 72, 77, 81

• mathematics: 142, 143, 174, 176, 180

• max: 24, 41, 224

• metaprogramming: 26

• min: 24, 41, 224

• mix-ins: 115

• modules: 108, 247

• modulo operator: 146

• multiline strings: 56, 69, 82, 178, 241

N

• named groups: 63, 83

• namespaces: 108

• naming: 113, 115, 167

• newlines: 40, 56, 82

• next: 5, 76, 116

• nonlocal: 93

• NotImplemented: 139, 145, 237

• number bases: 4, 126, 130

O

• OOP: 58, 75, 84, 99, 102, 105, 115, 118, 123, 129, 135, 137, 138, 139, 145, 149, 167, 173, 206, 223, 225, 235, 236, 237, 246

• open (built-in): 240, 241

• operator.is_none: 162

• operator.is_not_none: 162

• operator.mul: 46

• operator (module): 46, 124, 125, 162, 184

• operators: 164

• ord: 255

• overloads: 79

P

• parsing: 4, 217

• pathlib.Path.copy_into: 151

• pathlib.Path.copy: 151

• pathlib.Path.expanduser: 64

• pathlib.Path.glob: 71, 212

• pathlib.Path.is_file: 133

• pathlib.Path.isfile: 32

• pathlib.Path.iterdir: 32, 80, 133

• pathlib.Path.read_text: 61

• pathlib.Path.rename: 80

• pathlib.Path.resolve: 64

• pathlib.Path.rglob: 32

• pathlib.Path.stat: 32

• pathlib.Path.write_text: 61

• pathlib.Path: 151

• pathlib.PurePath.with_stem: 80

• pathlib: 20, 32, 61, 64, 71, 80, 133, 151, 212

• pdb: 196

• performance optimisation: 42, 47, 66, 85, 87, 119, 191, 203, 234, 247

• positional arguments: 125

• pprint.pprint: 101

• pprint: 101

• pretty printing: 101, 102

• print: 44, 219

• priority queues: 181

• productivity: 150

• property: 123, 137, 203

• protocols: 223, 225

• punctuation: 10, 127

R

• random.choices: 49

• random.sample: 49

• random (module): 49, 144

• range: 112

• re.Match.expand: 213

• re.Match.group: 63

• re.Match.groupdict: 83

• re.Match.groups: 207

• re.match: 63, 83

• re.search: 213

• re.split: 243, 244

• re.sub: 50

• re: 50, 52, 63, 69, 82, 83, 97, 110, 141, 207, 213, 243, 244

• readability: 27, 62, 82, 125, 126, 130, 158, 164, 192

• recursion: 176, 249

• regex: 50, 52, 63, 69, 82, 83, 97, 110, 141, 207, 213, 243, 244

• regex flags: 52, 69, 82, 83, 141

• REPL: 57, 150, 241

• repr: 44

• reversed: 59

• round: 15

S

• scoping: 93

• secrets.token_urlsafe: 144

• secrets (module): 144

• security: 54, 144

• sequences: 59, 185, 186

• set: 7, 87, 251

• setattr: 25

• sets: 7, 22, 87, 148, 190, 201, 251

• short-circuiting: 231, 232, 233

• slicing: 59, 73, 185, 186

• sorted: 89

• standard library: 8, 11, 12, 17, 18, 21, 23, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 73, 74, 78, 82, 83, 85, 87, 90, 91, 92, 101, 104, 106, 110, 111, 112, 118, 120, 121, 122, 124, 127, 128, 131, 132, 134, 136, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 151, 152, 154, 155, 157, 160, 161, 162, 163, 166, 171, 174, 176, 177, 200, 202, 204, 206, 207, 208, 221

• StopIteration: 5, 30, 76

• str.casefold: 2, 89

• str.endswith: 13

• str.isalpha: 131

• str.join: 234

• str.partition: 48, 68, 175

• str.removeprefix: 13

• str.removesuffix: 13

• str.replace: 10, 127, 239

• str.rpartition: 68, 175

• str.rsplit: 175

• str.split: 40, 68, 165, 175, 243

• str.splitlines: 40

• str.startswith: 13

• str.title: 172

• str.translate: 10, 127

• strict (keyword argument): 1, 46, 107, 136

• string formatting: 48, 62, 91, 94, 147, 156, 158, 213

• string formatting specification language: 48, 62, 147, 158

• string.ascii_lowercase: 51

• string.digits: 51

• string.punctuation: 51

• string (module): 10, 51, 54, 127, 148

• strings: 2, 10, 13, 24, 31, 33, 40, 44, 48, 50, 51, 54, 56, 62, 68, 82, 83, 89, 94, 127, 131, 141, 147, 156, 158, 160, 165, 169, 172, 175, 239, 243, 244, 255

• structural pattern matching: 55, 72, 75, 77, 81, 249

• sum: 45, 46, 226

• syntax: 164

• sys.argv: 222

• sys.exit: 216

• sys.stderr: 214, 219

• sys (module): 216, 219, 222

T

• t-strings: 54, 156

• tempfile.TemporaryDirectory: 92

• tempfile.TemporaryFile: 171

• tempfile: 92, 171

• terminal: 216

• text processing: 152, 169, 172, 175, 178, 188, 213, 217, 239, 243, 244

• textwrap.dedent: 178

• textwrap: 178

• truthy/falsy: 68, 100, 168, 227

• tuples: 128

• type alias: 16, 211

• type parameter syntax: 16, 84, 88, 109

• type unions: 3

• type variables: 84, 88, 223, 225

• types.MappingProxyType: 18

• types (module): 18

• typing.ClassVar: 135

• typing.final: 129

• typing.Final: 113

• typing.Iterable: 36

• typing.Literal: 29

• typing.NewType: 199, 205, 211

• typing.overload: 79

• typing.overrides: 118

• typing.ParamSpec: 109

• typing.Protocol: 223, 225

• typing.reveal_type: 214

• typing.Self: 206

• typing.TypedDict: 194

• typing/type hints: 3, 16, 29, 36, 79, 81, 84, 88, 103, 109, 111, 113, 118, 129, 135, 153, 193, 194, 199, 205, 206, 211, 214, 223, 225, 251

• typing (module): 16, 29, 36, 79, 84, 109, 113, 118, 129, 135, 194, 199, 205, 206, 211, 214, 223, 225

U

• underscore _: 57, 62, 115, 130, 158, 167

• unexpected argument: 1, 15, 43, 76, 100, 107, 165, 219

• Unicode: 33, 89, 255

• unicodedata.category: 33

• unicodedata.normalize: 33

• unicodedata (module): 33

• uniqueness: 7

• unpacking: 35, 55, 138, 199, 229, 248

V

• validation: 72, 81

• vars: 203, 235

• vertical bar |: 3, 14, 81

W

• warnings.deprecated: 183

• warnings (module): 183

Y

• yield from: 121, 215, 221

Z

• zip: 1, 34, 46, 117, 215, 221

_

• __contains__: 98

• __doc__: 95

• __eq__: 139

• __file__: 20

• __getattr__: 108

• __hash__: 96, 246

• __init__: 58

• __init_subclass__: 26

• __match_args__: 75

• matmul: 236

• __missing__: 105

• __name__: 99, 139

• __new__: 58

• __post_init__: 250

• __repr__: 102, 139

• __str__: 102

• _missing_: 106